(5) Envelopes

Envelopes are formed when a line moves contacting an object and changing an angle little by little. This represents a strong feeling of curved surfaces (Figs. 398-400).

Envelope lines can be created using even curved lines. However, a strong feeling of a curved surface is created just by concentrating similar shapes with curved lines towards a point. This effect is even stronger than that of envelope lines (Fig. 397). This is because curved lines generate a significant density change similar to radial lines in the case of straight lines. Cubic effect has a general tendency to become weak when the width of lines is increased.
 
 


397
398
 
399
400

 

Figure 397: Composition of cubic effect by circles containing at a point.
Figure 398: Expression of a dimple on a cubic by skillfully utilizing molding effects of envelopes
                        and radial lines.
Figure 399: Composition of cubic effect by envelope lines and the radial lines.
Figure 400: Composition of envelope by straight lines.


 

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