4--Solids and spaces 
 

In this book, since the theme is the "KOHSEI (Basic Art & Design) in two-dimensional space", cubic form is not included except for the problems of the deep relation with planes. 

(1) Expressions of solid shapes in two-dimensional space

The shape in three-dimensional space is expressed by making it as a three-dimensional figure, and there are still other ways to "draw" in two-dimensional space. It is important in terms of records, communication, preservation, and administration. Then the problem of how to express solid forms in planes occurs.

(i) Perspective 

One way to express solid forms on a plane is called Perspective. Not only has it become the method loved by many artist since the Renaissance to express what something looks like, but it has also been taken over and is often used as the expected illustration of buildings or renderings of product designs. 
 
 

91   93 92   94   Figure 91: Example of orthogonal projection. Figure 92: 3D figure defined by Fig. 91. Figure 93: A cube drawn in perspective. Figure 94: A two-dimensional composition drawn in perspective.

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